The gritter is an automatic electromechanical device that removes accumulated debris against a grate. It is an indispensable addition in the penstock loading tank of the hydroelectric power plant.
It is usually operated by hydraulic cylinders that move a comb mounted on an arm hinged at one end. The reed, which at first is moved away from the grate and lowered into the water to the end stop, is at a later stage brought closer to the grate and raised by running it along it.
The comb consists of a series of prongs, which engage the spaces between the bars that form the screen. The scoured material (i.e., the mass of debris) is lifted up to the head of the screen and discharged into a gutter or onto a conveyor belt. Such debris evacuation systems transport the screened material to recovery tanks or containers for easy transport and disposal.
Other types of screeners, mounted with self-propelled structures on rails, or consisting of a toothed chain, are divided into active stroke screeners and passive stroke screeners. The former carry out cleaning work from top to bottom by bringing all the material to the bottom by means of a bucket with movable valves, clamping the bucket and rising with the cleared material. Passive stroke screeners, on the other hand, perform the downward stroke in a vacuum (moved away from the grate, they approach the grate at the bottom and perform the upward stroke by cleaning through a comb).
The CAMU brand gouging machine consists of a filtration screen, a gouging trolley, and a
monorail where the sgrlgiator can move.
The operating principle is extremely simple when functional: the steel comb with valved counter combs has the function of removing material along the grating as the comb maneuvers down. Once lowered autamatically to the bottom of the grate, it closes back against the counter comb then lifts up, and translates horizontally through monorail to deposit the material in the collection bin through the opening of the valva
For these operations, the comb is equipped with hydraulic, double-acting jacks for opening and closing the valva, supporting wire ropes wound on two gearmotor-driven drums installed on an autonomous carriage sliding on the monorail.